Overactive Bladder
(OAB)
In this condition factsheet:
The Facts on Overactive Bladder
A person who has been diagnosed with the medical condition known as overactive bladder, or OAB, has sudden urges to empty their bladder. In fact, most people with OAB visit the bathroom eight or more times a day. This medical condition is very common, affecting approximately 1 in 5 Canadians over the age of 35 years. When OAB is accompanied by an involuntary loss of moderate-to-large amounts of urine, the condition is called urge incontinence.
OAB is caused by sudden involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle, which is in the wall of the bladder. Although OAB can occur at any age, it is more likely to occur as a person ages. However, it shouldn't be passed off as a normal part of growing older.
Causes of Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is caused by a hyperactive bladder wall, meaning the bladder wall contracts involuntarily and excessively. It can also be caused by disorders of the central nervous system. Pregnancy may contribute to OAB because childbirth can make pelvic muscles stretch and weaken. This change can cause the bladder to sag out of its normal position, leading to leakage. Many medical conditions can also increase the risk for OAB. These include dementia, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, urinary tract infection, and stroke. The risk for OAB can also be increased by excess intake of caffeine, alcohol, or fluid in general. Constipation and certain medications can also increase your risk for OAB. Medications which increase the risk for OAB include diuretics (water pills) and certain medications used to treat psychiatric conditions such as depression.
Symptoms and Complications of Overactive Bladder
Although all people with OAB have sudden intense urges to empty their bladder and usually visit the bathroom at least eight times a day (urinary frequency), other symptoms of OAB may vary between people. Some people may have accidental loss of urine (urge incontinence), while others may need to get up many times during the night to urinate (nocturia). Emotional problems can occur when a person with OAB doesn't seek help and lets their condition affect their work and social life. OAB may affect your self-esteem, professional life, sleep, social activities, and sexual relations. If you think you might have OAB, it is very important to see your doctor as studies have shown that treatment may greatly improve your quality of life.
