Vitiligo
(Depigmentation · Loss of Skin Pigmentation · Skin Discolouring · Skin Discoloration)
In this condition factsheet:
The Facts on Vitiligo
Vitiligo (pronounced "vit-il-eye-go") is a skin condition in which a loss of pigment causes the skin to appear white (depigmentation). Irregular white patches may occur on any area of the body. Due to the difference between the affected and unaffected areas, this condition is more visible in people with darker skin. It affects 1% to 2% of the population and can affect anyone.
This condition can also affect mucous membranes and the retina of the eye. The hair that grows in areas affected by vitiligo may also turn white.
Causes of Vitiligo
In the skin, cells called melanocytes produce pigment that gives the skin its colour. Melanin is the pigment produced by the melanocytes. It provides pigmentation for skin, hair, and eyes. When the melanocytes are destroyed, skin cells appear white, and this causes vitiligo.
The reason for the loss of pigment from various parts of the body is not well understood, although it may be an autoimmune disease. People with a family history of vitiligo are more likely to have the condition.
Vitiligo is also associated with the following diseases:
- pernicious anemia
- hyperthyroidism
- Addison's disease
- diabetes
Symptoms and Complications of Vitiligo
Symptoms of vitiligo include the appearance of irregular white patches, or various degrees of depigmentation on the body. People often notice the loss of pigment on the following areas first:
- face
- lips
- hands
- arms
- feet
The other areas where white patches due to vitiligo may occur are:
- armpits
- eyes
- genitals
- groin
- navel
- nipples
- nostrils
In addition to giving skin its colour, melanin also protects the skin from the sun. Lack of pigmentation in the skin leads to a greater risk of sun sensitivity in affected areas. Vitiligo increases the chance of sunburn and the development of skin cancer in people with the condition.
Vitiligo is not a contagious condition.
