Tooth Decay and Toothache
(Cavities · Dental Caries · Toothache)
In this condition factsheet:
The Facts on Tooth Decay and Toothache
Tooth decay (cavities) affects almost all of us to some degree at some point in our lives. It usually occurs in children and young adults but can affect people of any age because as we grow older, the exposed root surfaces of teeth can be susceptible to decay.
Tooth decay is the most common cause of tooth loss for younger people. You can help prevent tooth decay with good oral hygiene and a proper diet. Seniors are also prone to tooth decay, mostly due to the multiple medications they take.
Causes of Tooth Decay and Toothache
Tooth decay starts when acids produced by bacteria in plaque eat away at tooth enamel. Plaque is a paste-like substance that adheres to the teeth and is formed by the combination of bacteria, acid, food, and saliva. Bacteria in plaque convert all foods, especially sugar and starch, into acids. The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel of the tooth, causing tooth decay or cavities.
There are several factors that contribute to tooth decay, such as:
- poor dental care
- frequently eating sugars and carbohydrates
- low fluoride
- a condition called xerostomia, or dry mouth, where the body does not make enough saliva
- tooth defects such as pits and grooves
- highly acidic environment in the mouth
- medications which cause dry mouth
Symptoms and Complications of Tooth Decay and Toothache
In the early stages, tooth decay rarely causes symptoms. However, when tooth decay has been present for a long time, the most common symptom is a toothache or sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or pressure. Another symptom may be a bad taste in your mouth.
The most common complication occurs when tooth decay reaches the nerve, the root, and the area at the base of the tooth. When this happens, the tooth nerve may die and, if left untreated, an abscess can develop.
