Retinopathy
In this condition factsheet:
Diagnosing Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a long-term complication of diabetes. If someone has diabetes, it's extremely important that they have their eyes monitored and examined every 1 to 2 years, as recommended by an ophthalmologist (eye specialist). People with type 1 diabetes should begin their eye exams 3 to 5 years after diagnosis, and people with type 2 diabetes should begin their eye exams right after their diagnosis. For pregnant people with diabetes, appointments should be made in the first trimester, as needed throughout the pregnancy, and within the first year postpartum.
Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy are diagnosed in much the same way. An ophthalmologist will examine the retina with an ophthalmoscope, which shines bright light into the back of the eye and allows for a close look at the blood vessels of the retina. The ophthalmologist will look for signs of dilated blood vessels and microaneurysms (see the section "Symptoms and Complications"). They may also use fluorescein angiography, which involves injecting a dye into a vein of the arm and taking a series of retinal photos to detect signs of leaky blood vessels. This process can pinpoint areas that may be threatening to bleed. Digital retinal imaging may also be used to take pictures of the retina to check for any abnormalities.
In the case of hypertensive retinopathy, an ophthalmologist will look for tiny cholesterol-containing plaques in the retinal blood vessels as well as other blood vessel changes such as narrowing and thickening.
Treating and Preventing Retinopathy
The key to treating retinopathy is managing the underlying causes of this condition.
Controlling blood sugar levels in diabetes is critical in delaying the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Proper management of diabetes involves taking the prescribed treatments, such as insulin or other diabetes medications, as well as following a healthy diet and exercise program.
Keeping blood pressure under control will help prevent hypertensive retinopathy. Reducing high blood pressure with appropriate medications will help prevent complications. Regular exercise, proper diet, and other lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking will go a long way toward reducing the risk of retinopathy.
The management of diabetic retinopathy includes laser treatment and medications injected into the eye (e.g., corticosteroids and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors). If a blood vessel has leaked into the vitreous and/or scarring has occurred, your doctor may advise you to have a vitrectomy. This procedure involves removing a part of the vitreous along with the scar tissue, if there is any, and may preserve vision or restore lost vision. If retinal detachment has occurred, surgery may be required to reattach the retina.
Treatment for hypertensive retinopathy includes medications to control blood pressure. Prevention is key for this condition.
If you have proliferative retinopathy, you should speak with your doctor before engaging in strenuous exercise.
All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2024. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/Retinopathy
References
